Hot Cosmic Dynamically Expanding Creation Event

      The title Big Bang was originally a term of derision. However like many nicknames it stuck. Hot Cosmic Dynamically Expanding Creation Event has never caught on. The important information is that creation was Hot - Huge and is still expanding. All matter and energy were created in one instant. There is no more energy being input into the universe. Lemaitre was much closer to the truth than originally credited. The Creation Event contained all the matter of the universe in a more elemental form. Even with our understanding of the original Cosmic Creation Event, The Big Bang still sounds as if an explosion randomly blew debris all over the universe. On Earth, an explosion, such as a bomb creates a pressure shift and debris and a shock wave rush to a lower pressure environment. This implication that the universe was somehow formed by "blowing up" is why Hoyle's description is so derisive. He thought the universe and all its glory and grandeur could not have been created by something as violent as a big explosion. Science has discovered the element of truth in Dr. Hoyle's wish. The creation event was Huge, Hot and Unique however it initiated a precisely controlled unfolding of the universe.

     Martin Rees' book entitled Six Numbers the Deep Forces That Shape The Universe is a starting point for exploring finely tuned numbers. Rees explains that gravity, nuclear efficiency, Omega, Lambda, gravitational binding and spatial dimensions must be exactly tuned or our universe would not exist. Rees was one of the first to write about what is now called the Anthropic Principle. Which means that the universe was precisely prepared for mankind. Scientists hold stronger or weaker values for the Anthropic Principle. Those who hold to a weak Anthropic point of view state that only a few things were precisely tuned. Those who hold a strong Anthropic viewpoint believe that everything influences the presence of mankind.

    Rees' writes that the fundamental elements of the universe were precisely tuned and preprogrammed. These factors were not random numbers. Our universe requires specific numbers in this exact combination for the Milky Way Galaxy, our Solar System, the planet Earth and humanity to exist. Any alteration, by even the smallest degree or amount of any one of these “deep forces” would irrevocably alter our universe and our presence. These underlining forces of physics were in place at the very instant the universe was initiated. They were so precisely tuned that if they were off by a billionth of a particle the universe would be different. The universe would be different to the extent that the stars would not have formed and mankind could not exist.

     At the very instant of creation we were formed. At the very instant in which GOD breathed the universe into existence we were on His mind. All the energy, all the elements we would need were made available. For the planet Earth to exist and for us to thrive specific things had to occur from the FOUNDATION of the UNIVERSE. The strength of gravity is extremely small but when it is stretched out across the universe it holds galaxies in place and the stars that orbit a galactic center. Ultimately it will crush these stars and yet it is weak enough to allow us to walk upright. Nuclear efficiency, the glue that holds the elements together is a very specific number, (i.e., .007). If it were weaker, .006, there would only be hydrogen in the universe. The subatomic attraction would not be strong enough to keep any heavier elements together. If the nuclear efficiency were, .008 it would strengthen the bonding of the elements. It would also make such strong bonds that there would be NO hydrogen. Everything would be bound into heavier elements. Without hydrogen, there could be no water (H2O) among other things.

     Omega is the measure of the ratio of actual density of the universe to the critical density. Which sounds very formidable and it is! Critical density is the density of space at which gravity would overwhelm the expansion rate and collapse the universe. The critical density has been determined as five atoms per cubic meter. Although that sounds like very little some Super computer got to crunch numbers for a month to determine that if all the stars were dismantled and their atoms were spread uniformly through the universe the result would be “1” atom in every 10 cubic meters. Omega had to be precisely tuned to balance gravity during the creation event. A physicist would speak of Omega and gravity as being in unity - balance. If these two basic forces were not in balance the universe as we know it would not exist.

If Omega were too small then the expansion would proceed too fast. The fabric of space would be too thin. Gravity would not be able to function to condense the stars, the galaxies and eventually the planet Earth. If Omega were too strong or dense then gravity would have quickly overpowered the expansion and the Big Bang would have been followed by the Big Crunch (i.e., critical density would be reached).    There is a very narrow expansion pathway that must be followed, a "flat" geometry for the universe.  All the physical presets were in place within a split second of the creation event. This cosmic balance point cannot have differed from unity (balance point) by more than one part in 10 60 in order that the universe is still expanding billions of years later. The universe cannot have tried several trajectories before settling into this one. When the Creation Event occurred the precise configuration for the strength of gravity, spacial density and rate of expansion were prewired. If the fine-tuning of the Creation Event had not been correct - if as much as a grain of salt had been added or taken away the error would have continued to grow and we would not exist. The word picture of a single grain of salt is used to illustrate the fine-tuning of one part in 1060 . Lambda is designated as the control of the expansion rate. If the expansion rate were too fast there would be no stars. If it were too slow gravity would win the battle and shortly after the Big Bang there would have been the Big Crunch. Lambda has been called by some scientists, Cosmic Repulsion.

     Q is the ratio of gravitational binding. This means that ripples or a spacial “roughness” was imprinted into our universe when it was microscopic. Stars, galaxies and eventually super clusters are the outcome of gravity acting on initial irregularities (i.e., Q). The starting point of our universe is controlled by gravity, Omega, Lambda and Q. The value of Omega (spacial density) must not be too low or gravity cannot function to being forming stars. Lambda (cosmic repulsion) must not be too strong before galaxies have formed. There must also be initial irregularities to serve as focal points for the growth of stars and galaxies. The universe is almost flat however there were primordial eddies. These slight irregularities served as nodules around which stars and eventually galaxies formed. Remember in our discussion of the formation of elements that very specific kinds of stars were needed to create each of the various elements that fill our universe. The first generation of stars seeded the universe with debris that helped a second generation create  more oxygen and carbon and even the trace elements that are essential to humanity.

     Q measures the amplitude of these ripples (i.e., 1/100,000), which is the information that was supplied by the COBE satellite. If Q, were much smaller and everything else in our universe remained the same the resulting galaxies would be anemic structures. The nodal points, which generated the formation of stars, would be so widely separated that star formation would be slow and inefficient. The elemental buildup from these stars would be blown away from the galaxies and not contribute to building new stars or the formation of planets. If Q were smaller than (10 -6)   space would never condense into stars at all. The universe would be forever dark and featureless- even if every other part of the initial Creation Event were the same. If Q were substantially larger the ripples would be replaced with large amplitude waves and the universe would be a very turbulent and violent place. Massive regions of space would condense and collapse into giant black holes. Any surviving gas would get so hot that it would emit X-rays and gamma rays. Any stars that managed to form would be closely packed and tear at each other with gravitational shifts. Stable planetary systems would be impossible.

     This is not a catalog of unique parameters. These numbers interacted with one another. As Rees states, if any of these numbers were different by just a tiny fraction then the entire universe would be radically different. A tiny change would be magnified across time and space to make life impossible a billion years later. Have you ever watched the beach as the water comes in and out? The tiniest piece of a shell makes a ripple as it slows the retreat of the water. Magnified over time and across space the tiniest  imperfection, the smallest drift from a precise pathway would destroy our universe.

     Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental interactions in nature. All forces involved in interactions between atoms can be explained by the electromagnetic force acting on the electrically charged atomic nuclei and electrons inside and around atoms. Electromagnetism is so fundamental that if an electrical imbalance developed in the universe it would rip apart worlds. How is that possible? Electromagnetism is 36 orders of magnitude 1036 stronger than gravity. Fortunately, for us the universe is electrically neutral. Which means that the number of positively charged protons in the universe is equal to the number of negatively charged electrons. This balance is better than one part in 1036. (Understanding Creation p.306-307).

     If you are as math challenged as I am 1036 is impressive. But what does it mean? Perhaps this visual will help. If you covered all of the North American continent with dimes all the way to the moon - all 239,000 miles- at the width of the entire continent. Wait, we are not through- you have to do this for a billion moons across another billion continents and then hide 1 red dime. Blindfold a lucky stranger and he gets one pick.   

     This may hurt your brain but there are more than three dimensions in our universe. We traditionally think of length, width and height with time as a fourth dimension. In the physical world we measure the length of a trip, the height of our children and an occasional glance at our growing girth. According to theoretical physicists three dimensions aren't enough room for all the demands of both gravity and quantum mechanics. A research team led by Andrew Strominger determined that only in ten space-time dimensions (nine spacial and one time) could gravity and quantum mechanics successfully coexist at all epochs of cosmic history. The creation event unfolded as follows:

At the creation event ten space-time dimensions instantly and transcendentally appear.; All nine space dimensions rapidly expand. At 10 (-43) seconds (a ten millionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second) after the creation event, six of the nine space dimensions cease expanding. Thereafter, the space dimensions of length, width; and height continue to rapidly expand. (Creator and the Cosmos p. 43)

Presently, the six tiny space dimensions are very tightly wrapped around the three large spacial dimensions. Except for the interiors of black holes, these tiny space dimensions play no role in the dynamics of the universe currently. However, and this is a very big however - for the universe to have stars and planets with stable orbits there must be three very large rapidly expanding dimensions of space. Stable orbits around stars (Earth), and the sun's nearly circular orbit around the galactic center are physically impossible unless the universe was built on these three rapidly expanding dimensions.

     These numbers were pre-set and fine-tuned to create this universe and provide a habitable Earth. These numbers did not evolve nor were they randomly arrived at - These were embedded in the foundation of creation.